![]() 1.Ī beam of particles all traveling in the same direction are described mathematically asplane-waves. This topic "brings you face to face with wave-particle duality" wave interference is observed by counting x-ray photons! For historical reasons, and forconvenience in parts of the mathematical analysis, the "scattering angle" or "deflectionangle" is called see Fig. The fineness of detail that can be studied by a given method (the "resolution") depends on thewavelength of the radiation used (the shorter the finer), the maximum angle of scattering thatis detected (the wider the finer), and the sensitivity of the sample to damage by the type ofradiation used (the less sensitive the more information can be extracted before the structurehas changed significantly). Examples of this approach include thevisible light and electron microscopes and the X-ray determination of the atomic coordinatesof crystallized protein molecules. One classical method of studying the structure of matter in fine detail is to shine a beam ofradiation on a sample and observe the outgoing radiation. Phase diffraction using crystaldiffract software#I also learned to use the CrystalMaker software and took what I learned to normalize and compare the data as described above.Radiation Notes: Diffraction and Microscopy Notes on Modern Physics and Ionizing Radiation Ronald I performed all x-ray powder diffractions and was responsible for analyzing all of the data that was produced. Thus, the synthesized crystal samples were found to contain a mixture of crystals composed of source materials, SrZrS3 (n=∞), and Sr2ZrS4, the first known experimental product of the n=1 phase of Srn+1ZrnS3n+1 RP crystals.įunder Acknowledgement(s): We would like to thank the National Science Foundation EFRI REM (EFMA-1433378) for funding this research project.įaculty Advisor: Dr. Having done this, the remaining unidentified peaks match very closely with the Sr2ZrS4 (n=1) phase, with Sr3Zr2S7 (n=2) producing a much lower fidelity match. This data was compared to the original sample compound data, aligning the pattern so that the first two unidentified peaks matched the theoretical pattern. Using the known properties of these crystals, the relationships between lattice parameters when phase and elemental site makeup were changed were obtained and used to predict XRD patterns for Sr2ZrS4 and Sr3Zr2S7. Theoretical diffraction patterns for these phases were calculated with CrystalMaker 10.3 and CrystalDiffract 6.7 software by utilizing space group properties and unit cell lattice parameters of n=1 and n=2 phases of the related RP families: Ban+1ZrnS3n+1, Srn+1ZrnO3n+1, and Ban+1ZrnO3n+1. The objective of this project was to use the unknown peaks to ascertain if the product was a synthesis of an as-of-yet unreported phase of the RP family Srn+1ZrnS3n+1, hypothesized to be either the Sr2ZrS4 (n=1) or Sr3Zr2S7 (n=2) phase. Once the reaction was complete, the compound’s x-ray powder diffraction (XRD) pattern was observed to have several unexpected peaks, in addition to the peaks known to be associated with our source materials and SrZrS3 (n=∞), an expected product. The ampoules containing the source materials were gradually heated to 950☌ over 15 hours, held constant for 15 hours, then raised to 1050☌ over 12 hours. SrS, Zr, and S powders were compounded via a solid-state reaction with I2 carrier gas. ![]() In this study, both experimental and theoretical x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were used to verify the synthesis of a previously unreported n=1 phase of the Srn+1ZrnS3n+1 family, Sr2ZrS4. ![]() Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) layered perovskite crystals of the family Srn+1ZrnS3n+1 (n=0, 1, 2, …∞) are theoretically predicted to have ferroelectric properties making them ideal for applications in photovoltaics, sensing, and visible lighting. ![]() Seng Huat Lee, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA Ronald Redwing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA Dr. Katrina Verlinde - The Pennsylvania State UniversityĬo-Author(s): Dr. ![]()
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